|
Hegewald was a short-lived German colony during World War II, situated near Zhytomyr in Reichskommissariat Ukraine. Its purpose was to hold Poles and Ukrainian settlers who had been classified as Volksdeutsche for Germanization.〔Lynn H. Nicholas, ''Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web'' p 336, ISBN 0-679-77663-X〕 Heinrich Himmler's original plans to recruit settlers from Scandinavia and the Netherlands were unsuccessful.〔Lynn H. Nicholas, ''Cruel World: The Children of Europe in the Nazi Web'' p 330-1, ISBN 0-679-77663-X〕 The initial plans were difficult to implement, owing to partisan activities, but elaborate guidelines were set up to prepare the location.〔Nicholas, p 331〕 The new settlers were to receive the homes of killed or evicted Ukrainians, as well as their furniture, livestock, and food, and schools were to be built.〔 This required a massive deportation effort, mostly on foot.〔Nicholas, p 331-2〕 Many Ukrainians and Poles did arrive on trains, having been forcibly removed from their homes, to be doled out plots of land and informed of their quotas.〔Heather Pringle, ''(Heinrich Himmler: The Nazi Leader's Master Plan )''〕 They received use, but not ownership, of the land assigned to them.〔Karel C. Berkhoff, ''Harvest of Despair: Life and Death in Ukraine Under Nazi Rule'' p 45 ISBN 0-674-01313-1〕 Neither the deported Ukrainians nor the ethnic Germans received more than a few hours' notice of their relocation.〔 Despite damage to the houses, most could be made functional before snowfall.〔Nicholas, p 336〕 Elaborate Christmas pageants were set up, deliberately irreligious, to celebrate the return of light and link it to the "dark powers" surrounding Germany, and gifts and food were provided.〔Nicholas, p 336-7,〕 All did not go as planned. The intended preparations were undermined by flinching of craftsmen, and neither food nor clothing arrived as promised.〔Nicholas, p 338〕 Furthermore, many evicted Ukrainians returned to the area.〔Nicholas, p 339〕 Efforts were made to continue, with the League of German Girls members being sent even when they had to receive gas masks and soldier escorts, but by November 1943, the inhabitants were in flight before the Red Army.〔 These were the first of massive flights from Eastern Europe.〔Nicholas, p 434〕 ==Villages== The colony consisted of 27 villages situated along the Zhytomyr-Berdychiv road:〔Lower, Wendy: ''Nazi empire-building and the Holocaust in Ukraine'', p. 176. University of North Carolina Press, 2005.〕 *Schröbelesberg *Neuheimat *Bubenhausen *Neubiesing *Pfenningstadt *Heimkehr *Troja *Reichstreu *Preuersdorf *Arbeit *Fleiß *Au *Zehnhub *Neuposen *Altposen *Bosfershof *Wertingen *Heinrichsfeld *Reinharding *Am Hügel *Klein Lüneburg *Neu Trudering *Mödersdorf *Tiefenbach *Sachsenhard *Maienfeld *Ichstingen 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hegewald (colony)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|